A. INFLATION RATES FOR ALL ITEMS
The April 2024 headline inflation in BARMM accelerated at 6.3 percent from 5.0 percent in March 2024. Inflation in April 2023 was higher at 6.7 percent. Table 1 shows that in April 2024, Maguindanao had the highest inflation rate among BARMM provinces which remains at 10.3 percent. Other provinces that posted higher movements of prices in April 2024 were Basilan at 4.9 percent, Lanao del Sur at 5.3 percent and Sulu at 2.8 percent. Cotabato City, an Independent Component City (ICC), also posted a higher inflation rate with 4.4 percent from 3.7 percent in March 2024.
On the other hand, the only province with lower inflation rates compared to previous month was Tawi-Tawi with 2.2 percent from 3.3 percent in March 2024.
The following commodity groups that posted increases from their previous month’s inflation rates were:
a. Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages, 7.4 percent;
b. Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels, 3.0 percent;
c. Furnishings, Household Equipment and Routine Household Maintenance, 3.2 percent;
d. Health, 2.5 percent;
e. Transport, 5.0 percent;
f. Information and Communication, 0.5 percent;
g. Recreation, Sport and Culture, 6.6 percent;
h. Restaurants and Accommodation Services, 7.9 percent; and
i. Personal Care, and Miscellaneous Goods and Services, 5.2 percent.
Meanwhile, the commodity groups that posted lower inflation rates from their previous month’s inflation rates were Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco at 7.2 percent and Clothing and Footwear at 3.1 percent.
On the other hand, Education and Financial Services remain constant at their March 2024 rates of 7.5 percent and 0.0 percent, respectively.
B. INFLATION RATES FOR FOOD ITEMS
For food commodities, inflation increased to 7.6 percent in April 2024 from 5.8 percent in the previous month. In April 2023, inflation of food items was higher at 8.7 percent.
The increase in the region’s food inflation was mainly brought about by the higher indices for Fish and other seafood (ND) at 0.9 percent, Vegetables, tubers, plantains, cooking bananas and pulses (ND) at negative 1.7 percent, and Ready-made food and other food products n.e.c. (ND) at 5.0 percent, (see Table 3). Also contributing to the uptrend in the overall inflation during the period were the higher annual increments in the indices of the following food commodity groups as compared with their previous month’s inflation rates:
a. Corn, negative 5.2;
b. Flour, Bread and Other Bakery Products, Pasta Products, and Other Cereals, 3.2 percent;
c. Meat and other parts of slaughtered land animals, 4.9 percent;
d. Milk, other dairy products and eggs (ND) at 6.6 percent;
e. Oils and fats, negative 0.4 percent;
f. Fruits and nuts, negative 1.8 percent; and
g. Sugar, confectionery and desserts, negative 4.7 percent.
On the other hand, the food group posted lower inflation rates from March 2024, were the Cereals and cereal products (ND) at 16.6 percent, Cereals (ND) at 25.0 percent, and Rice at 25.5 percent.
C. PURCHASING POWER OF PESO
Purchasing Power of Peso (PPP) is inversely related to inflation rate. Thus, as the inflation rate increases, PPP declines, as shown in Figure 2. In BARMM, PPP is at PhP 0.79 as of April 2024.
TECHNICAL NOTES:
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
The CPI is an indicator of the changes in the average retail prices of a fixed basket of goods and services commonly purchased by households relative to a base year.
Uses of CPI
The CPI is most widely used in the calculation of the inflation rate and purchasing power of peso. It is a major statistical series used for economic analysis and as a monitoring indicator of government economic policy.
Computation of CPI
The computation of the CPI involves consideration of the following important points:
a. Base Period
The reference date or base period is the benchmark or reference date or period at which the index is taken as equal to 100.
b. Market Basket
A sample of the thousands of varieties of goods purchased for consumption and services availed by the households in the country selected to represent the composite price behavior of all goods and services purchased by consumers.
c. Weighting System
The weighting pattern uses the expenditures on various consumer items purchased by households as a proportion to total expenditure.
d. Formula
The formula used in computing the CPI is the weighted arithmetic mean of price relatives, the Laspeyre’s formula with a fixed base year period (2018) weights.
e. Geographic Coverage
CPI values are computed at the national, regional, and provincial levels, and for selected cities.
Inflation Rate
the rate of change of the CPI expressed in percent. Inflation is interpreted in terms of declining purchasing power of peso.
Headline Inflation
refers to the rate of change in the CPI, a measure of the average standard “basket” of goods and services consumed by a typical family.
Purchasing Power of Peso
shows how much the peso in the base period is worth in the current period. It is computed as the reciprocal of the CPI for the period under review multiplied by 100.
Note: The dataset used in the special release is exclusive for BARMM provinces including Cotabato City and excluding 63 barangays.
ENGR. AKAN G. TULA
OIC-Regional Director
